Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
S32101 is a low-nickel, nitrogen-enhanced lean ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel, with a microstructure balanced to roughly equal ferrite and austenite. This datasheet presents the material within the American standard system.
With about 21.5% chromium, 5% manganese, 1.5% nickel, 0.45% molybdenum and 0.22% nitrogen, S32101 uses manganese to substitute for part of the nickel, giving a cost-stable, low-nickel grade. It was developed as a general-purpose substitute for 304 and 304L, with corrosion resistance superior to 304L and in some cases comparable to 316L, roughly twice the yield strength of 300-series austenitics, and greater chloride stress-corrosion-cracking resistance (PREN ~26). The higher strength allows thinner cross-sections and material savings. Because of embrittlement risk, it should not be used above about 250-300 °C.
Typical applications include storage tanks, pressure vessels, structural components, water and sewage treatment, pulp-and-paper equipment and transport, where strength and chloride-SCC resistance are needed at lower nickel cost.
Values for the solution-annealed condition.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1385-1440 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 200 | GPa |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 15 | W/m·K |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20-100 °C) | 13 | µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 500 | J/kg·K |
| Maximum continuous service temperature | ~250-300 | °C |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic (duplex) | — |
Composition per ASTM A240.
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 21.0 | 22.0 | Ferrite former; corrosion resistance |
| Manganese | Mn | 4.0 | 6.0 | Austenite former (substitutes for Ni) |
| Nickel | Ni | 1.35 | 1.70 | Austenite former; phase balance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.10 | 0.80 | Pitting resistance |
| Copper | Cu | 0.10 | 0.80 | Acid resistance |
| Nitrogen | N | 0.20 | 0.25 | Austenite former; strength; pitting |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.040 | Low (intergranular resistance) |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.040 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.030 | Residual impurity |
Nominal: lean 21.5Cr-5Mn-1.5Ni-0.45Mo-N duplex. PREN ~26. Manganese substitutes for part of the nickel.
Solution-annealed condition, per ASTM A240 for UNS S32101.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | >=650 | MPa |
| 0.2% yield strength | >=450 | MPa |
| Elongation at break | >=30 | % |
| Brinell hardness | <=290 | HB |
| Rockwell hardness | <=31 | HRC |
Confirm against the mill test report.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride SCC | Excellent | Duplex advantage over austenitics |
| General corrosion | Very good | Superior to 304L, comparable to 316L |
| Chloride pitting | Good | PREN ~26 (lean) |
| Crevice corrosion | Good | Better than 304L |
| Sulphuric acid | Good | Comparable to 316L in some media |
Designed as a low-nickel substitute for 304/304L, with better strength and SCC resistance.
Not hardenable by heat treatment; properties are set by solution annealing and phase balance.
Solution Anneal approximately 1020-1100 °C, followed by rapid water quench to retain the balanced ferrite-austenite structure and avoid embrittling intermetallic phases. Avoid prolonged exposure in the 300-1000 °C range (sigma-phase / 475 °C embrittlement); do not use above ~250-300 °C in service.
Good weldability by common fusion methods; use a matching lean-duplex or 2209-type filler and control heat input to maintain phase balance.
| Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Lean-duplex or ER2209 |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Lean-duplex or ER2209 |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching duplex electrode |
No preheat; control interpass temperature and heat input to maintain phase balance.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Good for a duplex; often easier than other duplex grades |
| Work hardening | Significant; positive feeds, avoid dwelling |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot forming | ~1150-950 °C; solution anneal + quench afterward |
| Cold forming | Higher forces than austenitics (high duplex strength) |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Storage / containment | Tanks, pressure vessels, silos | Strength + SCC resistance, low cost |
| Water / municipal | Sewage treatment, water tanks | Chloride resistance |
| Structural | Building, transport, structures | High strength-to-weight |
| Pulp & paper | Process equipment | Chloride + caustic resistance |
| Product Form | Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and strip | ASTM A240 / ASME SA-240 · UNS S32101 | — |
| Bar and shapes | ASTM A276 / A479 · UNS S32101 | — |
| Seamless / welded tube | ASTM A789 · UNS S32101 | — |
| Seamless / welded pipe | ASTM A790 · UNS S32101 | — |
| Sour service | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | Acid-gas applications |
Low-nickel lean ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel. UNS S32101.
| UNS | Cr % | Ni % | Mo % | N % | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S32101 | 21-22 | 1.35-1.70 | 0.1-0.8 | 0.20-0.25 | Lean low-Ni duplex; 304/304L substitute |
| S32304 | 21.5-24.5 | 3.0-5.5 | 0.05-0.6 | 0.05-0.20 | Lean duplex |
| S31803 | 21-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.08-0.20 | Standard duplex |
| S30403 | 18-20 | 8-12 | — | — | Austenitic general service |
| S31603 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2.0-3.0 | — | Austenitic, chloride service |
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