Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
X2CrNiCuN23-4 is a lean ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel — a copper-bearing variant of the 2304-type lean duplex family, with a microstructure of roughly equal ferrite and austenite. This datasheet presents the material within the European standard system.
With about 23% chromium, 4% nickel, only a little molybdenum (0.1-0.6%), a copper addition (1-3%) and controlled nitrogen (0.05-0.20%), X2CrNiCuN23-4 is a lean, low-molybdenum, nickel-economical duplex grade. It offers roughly twice the proof strength of standard austenitic grades together with good resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, at a lower alloy cost than the molybdenum-bearing 1.4462. Its PREN is modest (typically ~24-26), so it targets moderate-corrosivity service rather than the severe chloride duty of 1.4462. It must not be confused with the 3%-molybdenum standard duplex 1.4462.
Typical applications include structural and pressure components, hot-water tanks, building and construction elements, and process equipment in mild-to-moderate chloride environments.
Values for the solution-annealed condition, per EN reference data.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1390-1450 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 200 | GPa |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 15 | W/m·K |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20-100 °C) | 13 | µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 480 | J/kg·K |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic (duplex) | — |
Composition per EN 10088-2 (W.Nr. 1.4655, X2CrNiCuN23-4).
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 22.0 | 24.0 | Ferrite former; corrosion resistance |
| Nickel | Ni | 3.5 | 5.5 | Austenite former; phase balance |
| Copper | Cu | 1.0 | 3.0 | Strength; acid resistance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.1 | 0.6 | Minor pitting resistance (lean) |
| Nitrogen | N | 0.05 | 0.20 | Austenite former; strength; pitting |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 2.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.030 | Low (intergranular resistance) |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.035 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.015 | Residual impurity |
Nominal: lean 23Cr-4Ni-Cu-N duplex with only minor molybdenum. Distinct from the 3%-Mo standard duplex 1.4462.
Solution-annealed (+AT) condition, per EN 10088-2 for W.Nr. 1.4655.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 650-850 | MPa |
| 0.2% proof strength (Rp0.2) | >=450 | MPa |
| Elongation at fracture | >=20 | % |
| Impact energy (KV, +20 °C) | >=60 | J |
| Brinell hardness | <=290 | HB |
Values per EN 10088-2. Confirm against the inspection certificate (EN 10204).
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride SCC | Good | Duplex advantage over austenitics |
| Chloride pitting | Moderate | Lean (low Mo); PREN ~24-26 |
| Crevice corrosion | Moderate | Below 1.4462 |
| General (oxidizing) | Good | ~23% chromium |
| Acids | Fair-good | Copper assists in some media |
Suited to mild-to-moderate chloride service; for severe chloride duty use the molybdenum-bearing 1.4462.
Not hardenable by heat treatment; properties are set by solution annealing and phase balance.
Solution Anneal approximately 1000-1080 °C, followed by rapid water quench to retain the balanced ferrite-austenite structure and avoid embrittling intermetallic phases. Avoid prolonged exposure in the 300-1000 °C range (sigma-phase / 475 °C embrittlement).
Good weldability by common fusion methods; use a matching lean-duplex or 23 7-type filler and control heat input to maintain phase balance.
| Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Lean-duplex (23 7 N type) |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Lean-duplex filler |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching duplex electrode |
No preheat; control interpass temperature and heat input; resistant to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition owing to the low carbon.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Duplex; carbide tools, moderate speeds, rigid setup |
| Work hardening | Significant; positive feeds, avoid dwelling |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot forming | ~1150-950 °C; solution anneal + quench afterward |
| Cold forming | Higher forces than austenitics (high duplex strength) |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Construction | Structural sections, rebar, plate | Strength + moderate corrosion resistance |
| Storage | Hot-water and chemical tanks | Cost-effective duplex |
| Process equipment | Vessels in mild chloride media | SCC resistance at lower cost |
| Water / municipal | Tanks, piping | Moderate chloride resistance |
| Product Form | Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and strip | EN 10088-2 · W.Nr. 1.4655 | X2CrNiCuN23-4 |
| Bar, rod, wire and sections | EN 10088-3 · W.Nr. 1.4655 | — |
| Seamless / welded tube | EN 10216-5 / EN 10217-7 · W.Nr. 1.4655 | — |
| Sour service | ISO 15156-3 | Acid-gas applications |
Lean copper-bearing ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel. W.Nr. 1.4655 (X2CrNiCuN23-4); EN 10088-2.
| EN Symbol | Cr % | Ni % | Mo % | Cu % | N % | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X2CrNiCuN23-4 | 22-24 | 3.5-5.5 | 0.1-0.6 | 1-3 | 0.05-0.20 | Lean Cu-bearing duplex; moderate service |
| X2CrNiN23-4 | 22-24 | 3.5-5.5 | 0.1-0.6 | 0.1-0.6 | 0.05-0.20 | Lean duplex (2304) |
| X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 21-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 2.5-3.5 | — | 0.10-0.22 | Standard duplex (3% Mo) |
| X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 | 24-26 | 6.0-8.0 | 3.0-4.5 | — | 0.24-0.35 | Super duplex |
| X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 16.5-18.5 | 10-13 | 2.0-2.5 | — | — | Austenitic general service |
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