Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (W.Nr. 1.4462) is the most widely used ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel, with a microstructure of roughly equal ferrite and austenite. This datasheet presents the material within the European standard system.
With about 22% chromium, 5.5% nickel, 3.2% molybdenum and a controlled nitrogen addition (0.10-0.22%), X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 offers roughly twice the proof strength of standard austenitic grades, with excellent resistance to chloride pitting, crevice corrosion and chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Its PREN is typically 33-38. It retains resistance to intergranular corrosion in both the delivery and the welded condition.
Typical applications include chemical-process equipment, oil-and-gas and subsea components, marine and desalination plant, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and pulp-and-paper equipment.
Values for the solution-annealed condition, per EN reference data.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1385-1445 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 200 | GPa |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 15 | W/m·K |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20-100 °C) | 13 | µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 450 | J/kg·K |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic (duplex) | — |
Composition per EN 10088-3 (W.Nr. 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3).
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 21.0 | 23.0 | Ferrite former; corrosion resistance |
| Nickel | Ni | 4.5 | 6.5 | Austenite former; phase balance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 2.5 | 3.5 | Pitting + crevice resistance |
| Nitrogen | N | 0.10 | 0.22 | Austenite former; strength; pitting |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 2.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.030 | Low (intergranular resistance) |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.035 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.015 | Residual impurity |
Nominal: 22Cr-5.5Ni-3.2Mo-N duplex. The EN nitrogen lower bound is 0.10 (defined independently in EN 10088-3).
Solution-annealed (+AT) condition, per EN 10088-3 for W.Nr. 1.4462.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 660-950 | MPa |
| 0.2% proof strength (Rp0.2) | >=460 | MPa |
| Elongation at fracture | >=25 | % |
| Impact energy (KV, +20 °C) | >=100 | J |
| Brinell hardness | <=270 | HB |
Values per EN 10088-3 (resistant to intergranular corrosion in delivery and welded condition). Confirm against the inspection certificate (EN 10204).
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride SCC | Excellent | Key duplex advantage over austenitics |
| Chloride pitting | Very good | Cr + Mo + N (PREN ~33-38) |
| Crevice corrosion | Very good | Better than 1.4404 |
| General (oxidizing) | Very good | High chromium |
| Intergranular (welded) | Resistant | Low carbon |
Far better chloride-SCC resistance than austenitic 1.4301/1.4404, with roughly double the strength.
Not hardenable by heat treatment; properties are set by solution annealing and phase balance.
Solution Anneal approximately 1020-1100 °C, followed by rapid water quench to retain the balanced ferrite-austenite structure and avoid embrittling intermetallic phases. Avoid prolonged exposure in the 300-1000 °C range (sigma-phase / 475 °C embrittlement).
Good weldability by common fusion methods; use over-alloyed duplex (22 9 3-type) filler and control heat input to maintain phase balance.
| Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Excellent | Over-alloyed duplex (22 9 3 type) |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Over-alloyed duplex filler |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching duplex electrode |
No preheat; control interpass temperature and heat input; resistant to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition owing to the low carbon.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Duplex; carbide tools, low cutting speeds, rigid setup |
| Work hardening | Significant; positive feeds, avoid dwelling |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot forming | ~1230-950 °C; solution anneal + quench afterward |
| Cold forming | Higher forces than austenitics (high duplex strength) |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical processing | Heat exchangers, reactors, vessels | Pitting + SCC resistance |
| Oil & gas | Subsea components, pipelines | Sour-service + SCC resistance |
| Marine | Desalination, propeller shafts | Chloride SCC resistance |
| Pulp & paper | Digesters, bleaching equipment | Chloride + caustic resistance |
| Product Form | Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and strip | EN 10088-2 / EN 10028-7 · W.Nr. 1.4462 | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 |
| Bar, rod, wire and sections | EN 10088-3 · W.Nr. 1.4462 | — |
| Seamless / welded tube | EN 10216-5 / EN 10217-7 · W.Nr. 1.4462 | — |
| Forgings | EN 10222-5 / EN 10250-4 · W.Nr. 1.4462 | — |
| Sour service | ISO 15156-3 | Acid-gas applications |
Standard 22Cr ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel. W.Nr. 1.4462 (X2CrNiMoN22-5-3); EN 10088-3.
| EN Symbol | Cr % | Ni % | Mo % | N % | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 21-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.10-0.22 | Standard duplex; broad chloride service |
| X3CrNiMoN27-5-2 | 25-28 | 4.5-6.5 | 1.3-2.0 | 0.05-0.20 | Machinable duplex (high Cr, low Mo) |
| X2CrNiN23-4 | 22-24 | 3.5-5.5 | 0.1-0.6 | 0.05-0.20 | Lean duplex |
| X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 | 24-26 | 6.0-8.0 | 3.0-4.5 | 0.24-0.35 | Super duplex (higher PREN) |
| X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 16.5-18.5 | 10-13 | 2.0-2.5 | — | Austenitic general service |
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