Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
329 is one of the earliest ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels, with a microstructure of roughly equal ferrite and austenite. This datasheet presents the material within the American standard system.
With about 26% chromium, 4% nickel and 1.5% molybdenum, 329 offers roughly twice the yield strength of standard austenitic grades, together with good resistance to chloride pitting, crevice corrosion and — most importantly — chloride stress-corrosion cracking, to which austenitic grades are prone. As an early duplex grade it carries a higher permitted carbon content than modern duplex grades such as 2205, so correct solution annealing is important to balance the phases.
Typical applications include heat exchangers and condensers in chloride-bearing waters, equipment for the chemical and pulp-and-paper industries, and components requiring high strength with chloride-SCC resistance.
Values for the solution-annealed condition.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1400-1450 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 200 | GPa |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 16 | W/m·K |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20-100 °C) | 10.9 | µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic (duplex) | — |
Composition per ASTM A240.
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 23.0 | 28.0 | Ferrite former; corrosion resistance |
| Nickel | Ni | 2.5 | 5.0 | Austenite former; phase balance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 1.0 | 2.0 | Pitting + crevice resistance |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.75 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.08 | Restricted |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.040 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.030 | Residual impurity |
Nominal: 26Cr-4Ni-1.5Mo duplex. Higher permitted carbon than modern duplex grades.
Solution-annealed condition, per ASTM A240 for UNS S32900.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | >=620 | MPa |
| 0.2% yield strength | >=485 | MPa |
| Elongation at break | >=15 | % |
| Brinell hardness | <=271 | HB |
| Rockwell hardness | <=28 | HRC |
Confirm against the mill test report.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride SCC | Excellent | Key duplex advantage over austenitics |
| Chloride pitting | Good | Cr + Mo |
| Crevice corrosion | Good | Better than 316L |
| General (oxidizing) | Very good | High chromium |
| Sulphide / sour | Good | Listed in NACE MR0175 |
The duplex structure gives far better chloride-SCC resistance than austenitic 304/316.
Not hardenable by heat treatment; properties are set by solution annealing and phase balance.
Solution Anneal approximately 1020-1100 °C, followed by rapid water quench to retain the balanced ferrite-austenite structure and avoid embrittling intermetallic phases. Avoid slow cooling and prolonged exposure in the 300-900 °C range (sigma-phase / 475 °C embrittlement).
Weldable by common fusion and resistance methods; should not be joined by oxyacetylene welding. Use a matching or over-alloyed duplex/Ni-base filler and control heat input to maintain phase balance.
| Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Duplex (e.g. ER2209) or Ni-base |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Duplex (e.g. ER2209) |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching duplex electrode |
No preheat; control interpass temperature; a post-weld solution anneal + quench restores optimum phase balance on heavy sections.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Improved-machinability grade; rigid setup, sharp tooling, moderate speeds |
| Work hardening | Significant; positive feeds, avoid dwelling |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot forming | ~1200-950 °C; solution anneal + quench afterward |
| Cold forming | Higher forces than austenitics; lower ductility |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical processing | Heat exchangers, condensers | Chloride SCC + pitting resistance |
| Pulp & paper | Process equipment, digesters | Chloride + caustic resistance |
| Oil & gas | Tubing, components | Sour-service resistance |
| Power / marine | Seawater heat exchangers | Chloride SCC resistance |
| Product Form | Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and strip | ASTM A240 / ASME SA-240 · UNS S32900 | — |
| Bar and shapes | ASTM A276 / A479 · UNS S32900 | — |
| Seamless / welded tube | ASTM A268 / A789 · UNS S32900 | — |
| Seamless / welded pipe | ASTM A790 · UNS S32900 | — |
| Forgings / fittings | ASTM A182 · UNS S32900 | — |
| Sour service | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | Acid-gas applications |
Ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel. UNS S32900.
| UNS | Cr % | Ni % | Mo % | N % | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S32900 (329) | 23-28 | 2.5-5.0 | 1.0-2.0 | — | Early duplex; chloride-SCC service |
| S31803 / S32205 (2205) | 22-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 3.0-3.5 | 0.14-0.20 | Standard duplex (higher PREN) |
| S32750 (2507) | 24-26 | 6.0-8.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 0.24-0.32 | Super duplex |
| S31603 (316L) | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2.0-3.0 | — | Austenitic general service |
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